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International Windship Association | March 28, 2024

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Research Centre

Research Centre

Aerodynamics of wind-assisted ships: Interaction effects on the aerodynamic performance of multiple wind-propulsion systems
Bordogna, G. (TU Delft Ship Hydromechanics and Structures)  Contributor – Huijsmans, R.H.M. (promotor) Akkerman, I. (co-promotor)  Delft University of Technology, January 2020

Airborne Wind Turbines for Ship Propulsion
Kristian Malde Gilje (PHD Thesis), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, June 2013

An agent-based model of climate-energy policies to promote wind propulsion technology in shipping  Richard Karslen,George Papachristos,Nishatabbas Rehmatulla, Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions Volume 31, June 2019, Pages 33-53

Analysis techniques for evaluating the fuel savings associated with wind assistance.
Tristan Smith, Paul Newton, Graeme Winn, Andrea Grech La Rosa 2013

An Intelligent Assistance System for Controlling Wind-Assisted Ship Propulsion Systems
Marcel Müller ; Moritz Götting ; Thomas Peetz ; Michael Vahs ; Elmar Wings
2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), Helsinki, Finland, 2019, pp. 795-802.

A new routing optimization too – influence of wind and waves on fuel consumption of ships with and without wind assisted ship propulsion systems.
Marcus Bentin, David Zastrau, Michael Schlack, Diethardt Freye, Reinhard Elsner, Stephan Kotzur (Hochschule Emden-Leer, Leer, Germany)  Transportation Research Procedia 14 ( 2016 ) 153 – 162

A numerical method for the design of ships with wind-assisted propulsion
Ignazio Maria Viola, Matthieu sacher, Jinsong Xu, Fei Wang, Ocean Engineering, vol 105, Sept 2015, pgs 33-42

A route optimization method based on simulated annealing algorithm for wind-assisted ships
Yuankui Li, Chunfu Qiao  IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 295, Issue 4, 2019

A Prospect of Sail-Assisted Fishing Boats
Y. Yoshimura, Fisheries Science 2002

Dynamic Performance of Flettner Rotor with and without Thom Discs
T. J. Craft, H. Lacovides and B. E. Launder
Turbulence Mechanics Group, School of MACE, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Economic appraisal of sail-assisted commercial fishing vessels in Hawaiian waters.
KC Samples – Mar. Fish. Rev, 1983

Enercon E-Ship 1: A Wind-Hybrid Commercial Cargo Ship
4th Conference on Ship Efficiency – Hamburg, 23-24 September 2013

Filling the Gap: Small Inter-Island Caribbean Trading Ships and their Crew
G. Boerne, 1999

Fuel Consumption Minimization Procedure of Sail-assisted Motor Vessel based on a Systematic Meshing of the Explored Area
Stephane Marie, Eric Courteille – International Symposium on Ship Design & Construction – Environmentally Friendly Ships, Sep 2009, Tokyo, Japan.

Future Ship Powering Options
Royal Academy of Engineering, London July 2013

Group Design Project – Main Report Concept Design of a Fast Sail Assisted Feeder Container Ship

Aaron Burden, Thomas Lloyd, Simon Mockler, Lorenzo Mortola, Ie Bum Shin, Ben Smith
Supervisor: Grant E Hearn, Academic year 2009/2010

Harnessing wind energy on merchant ships: case study Flettner rotors onboard bulk carriers. Seddiek, I.S., Ammar, N.R. – Environ Sci Pollut Res,  Feb 2021

How to decarbonise international shipping: Options for fuels, technologies and policies
Paul Balcombe,James Brierley,Chester Lewis,Line Skatvedt,Jamie Speirs, Adam Hawkes, Iain Staffell Energy Conversion and Management Volume 182, 15 February 2019, Pages 72-88

Hydrodynamic Forces on Wind Assisted Ships using CFD – Settels, J.W., MA Thesis, 2015 – TU Delft

Hydrodynamics of Wind-Assisted Ship Propulsion: Modelling of Hydrodynamic Sideforce 
NJ van der Kolk – HISWA Technical Conference, 2016

Hydrodynamics of Wind-Assisted Ships: A Numerical and Experimental Study on a Systematic Series of Bare Hull Models at Drift Angles – Struijk, G.D. MA Thesis, 2015, TU Delft

Influence of four modern Flettner rotors, used as wind energy capturing system, on container ship stability
Mihail-Vlad Vasilescu, Ionut Voicu, Cornel Panait, and Violeta-Vali Ciucur, E3S Web of Conferences 180, 02003, 2020

Investigation into Underwater Fin Arrangement Effect on Steady Sailing Characteristics of a Sail Assisted Ship
Yoshimasa Minami, Tadashi Nimura ,Toshifumu Fujiwara, Michio Ueno, Maritime Safety Department, National Maritime Research Institute, Mitaka, Tokyo
Proceedings of The Thirteenth (2003) International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Honolulu

Kite Technology (Pull Shipping To Greener Future)
J. Sidhartha, M. Satya Phani Kumar
International Journal of Innovative Research & Development 2012

Low C for the High Seas Flettner rotor power contribution on a route Brazil to UK
Michael Traut, Alice Bows, Paul Gilbert, Sarah Mander, Peter Stansby, Conor Walsh,
Ruth Wood, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Mechanical
, Aeronautical and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester  2012

New Sails for Old Ships: In Pursuit of Clean, Inexpensive Propulsion, Engineers Harness a Very Old Source of Power—Wind—With Some Very Modern Designs. Lina Zeldovich, Mechanical Engineering. Feb 2020, 142(02): 44-49 (6 pages)

Numerical and Experimental Comparison of Surface Pressures around a Scaled Ship Wind-Assisted Propulsion System James Cairns, Marco Vezza, Richard Green, Donald MacVicar, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Vol:13, No:11, 2019

Operational Performance of Wind Assisted Ships
Rogier Eggers, MARIN, Wageningen/Netherlands, Hiper Conference, October 2016

Part 1: Experimental validation of a RANS-CFD methodology for the hydrodynamics of wind-assisted ships operating at leeway angles
N.J.van der Kolk, J.A.Keuning, R.H.M.Huijsmans, Ocean Engineering
Volume 178, 15 April 2019, Pages 375-387

PART 2 : Simulation methodology and numerical uncertainty for RANS-CFD for the hydrodynamics of wind-assisted ships operating at leeway angles
N.J.van der Kolk, L.Akkerman, J.A.Keuning, R.H.M.Huijsmans, Ocean Engineering
Volume 201, 1 April 2020

Performance of auxiliary wind propulsion for merchant ships using a kite
Peter Naaijen, Delft University of Technology & Vincent Koster, Delft University of Technology

Potential for Sustainable Sea Transport: A Case Study of the Southern Lomaiviti, Fiji Islands
Amelia Bola, Sustainable Sea Transport Research Programme, University of the South Pacific 2014

Preliminary Analysis of Log Data from the Fiji Windship ‘Cagidonu’
CJ Satchwell, 1986, Ship Science Report, University of Southampton

Renewable Energy Options for Shipping – Technology Brief  International Renewable Energy Agency, Jan 2015. Dr Peter Nuttall and Alison Newell (University of South Pacific), Linus Mofor (IRENA) ,Gavin Allwright, Dr Alice Bows-Larkin (Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Manchester), Diane Gilpin (B9 Shipping), Dr Christophe Rynikiewicz (University of Sussex), Dr Tristan Smith (The Energy Institute, University College London) and Michael Traut (Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Manchester),

Revival of the Modern Wing Sails for the Propulsion of Commercial Ships
P Shukla, K Ghosh
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mathematical, Computational, Physical and Quantum Engineering, 2009

Rotors and bubbles: Route-based assessment of innovative technologies to reduce ship fuel consumption and emissions
The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) Authors: Bryan Comer, Ph.D.a; Chen Chen, M.S.a; Doug Stolz, Ph.D.b; Dan Rutherford, Ph.D.a May 2019

Route Optimization Algorithm for Minimum Fuel Consumption of Wind-assisted Ship.
Z Yingjun, L Yuankui, Y Xuefeng – Journal of Applied Sciences, 2013

Sail assist developments 1979-1985
L Bergeson, C Kent Greenwald – Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 1985

Sail into a Sustainable Future: Roadmap for Sail Transport (Interreg IVB SAIL), October 2015
Antoine Bonduelle, Simon Métivier, Christophe Rynikiewicz

Sail into a Sustainable Future: Roadmap for Sail Transport: Engineering (Interreg IVB SAIL)
October 2015
Bernhard Schwarz-Röhr, Rogier Eggers, Daniel Neumann, Jelle Grijpstra, Jethro de Vries, Mustafa Insel, Ruurd van der Meer

Sail into a Sustainable Future: Air pollution, health and economic assessment report
(Interreg IVB SAIL), November 2015
Dr. Fabio Ballini, Daniel Neumann, Prof. Jørgen Brandt, Dr. Armin Aulinger, Prof. Aykut Olcer,
Dr. Volker Matthias

Seakeeping and Manoeuvring for Wind Assisted Ships
R. Eggers and A. S. Kisjes, Maritime Research Institute Netherlands, the Netherlands, RINA Wind Propulsion Conference, 15th -16th October 2019, London, UK

Ship energy performance study of three wind-assisted ship propulsion technologies including a parametric study of the Flettner rotor technology, Ruihua Lu & Jonas W. Ringsberg (2020) Ships and Offshore Structures, 15:3, 249-258

Slow steaming and a new dawn for wind propulsion: A multi-level analysis of two low carbon shipping transitions, Mander,S, Marine Policy, Volume 75, January 2017, Pages 210-216

Some comments on the relative Merits of Various Wind Propulsion Devices
Dr. J. F. Wellicome, Southampton University 1985

Steady sailing performance of a hybrid-sail assisted bulk carrier
T Fujiwara, GE Hearn, F Kitamura, M Ueno, Y Minami – Journal of Marine Science & Technology 2005

Study on the Analysis of Market Potentials & Market Barriers for Wind Propulsion Technologies for Ships  (commissioned by European Commission DG Climate Action) Dagmar Nelissen, Jasper Faber, Saliha Ahdour (CE Delft), Michael Traut (Tyndall Centre) Jonathan Köhler (Fraunhofer ISI) Wengang Mao (Chalmers University), Nov 2016 – publicly available Jan 2017

Sustainable Sea Transport Research Programme: Toward a Research-based Programme of Investigation for Oceania
Biman Prasad, Joeli Veitayaki, Elisabeth Holland, Peter Nuttall, Alison Newell, Amelia Bola and John Kaitu’u. The Journal of Pacific Studies, 2013

The diffusion of wind propulsion technologies in shipping: an agent-based model
R Karlsen, G Papachristos, N Rehmatulla, (Proceedings) IST 2018, 9th International Sustainability Transitions Conference, 12 – 14 June 2018, Manchester, UK. Sustainability Transitions Research Network (STRN)

The Magnus Effect and the Flettner Rotor: potential application for future Oceanic Shipping
P Nuttall, J Kaitu’u – The Journal of Pacific Studies, 2016

The effects of the aerodynamic interaction on the performance of two Flettner rotors
G.Bordogna, S.Muggiasca, S.Giappino, M.Belloli, J.A.Keuning, R.H.M.Huijsmansa, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics  Volume 196, January 2020

Transitioning to Low Carbon Shipping Module – Sustainable Sea Transport Solutions for SIDS: Pacific Island Countries Case Studies
UNCTAD Sustainable Freight Transport and Finance Toolkit 2016  Peter Nuttall, Alison Newell.

Trials of Discrete Values Control by a Tracked Model for Wing Sale Eco-ship
Makoto Katoh, Akinobu Asada
Journal of Machinery Manufacturing and Automation (JMMA) 2013

Turning the Tide: the need for sustainable sea transport in the Pacific
Alison Newell, Peter Nuttall, Elisabeth Holland, Joeli Veitayaki, and Biman Prasad 2014

Use of Flettner Rotors in Efficient Ship Design
DR Pearson – ‎Influence of EEDI on Ship Design, 24-25 September 2014: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects. 2014

Wind-assisted Ship Propulsion: A Review and Development of a Performance Prediction Program for Commercial Ships
Bordogna, Giovanni, Markey, D, Huijsmans, Rene, Keuning, Jan, Fossati, F
Conference Paper: 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014), October 2014

Wind-assisted propulsion for shipping: status and perspectives
Lu, Ruihua, Ringsberg, Jonas, Mao, Wengang
Conference Paper: International Conference on Ships and Offshore Structures (ICSOS 2017) in Shenzhen, China, September 11-13, 2017, At Shenzhen, China

“Wind Challenger” the Next Generation Hybrid Sailing Vessel
Kazuyuki Ouchi, Kiyoshi Uzawa, Akihiro Kanai, and Masanobu Katori
Third International Symposium on Marine Propulsors, 2013

Winds of Trade: Passage to Zero-Emission Shipping
Nicola Cutcher, The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, July 2020

Wind-powered Shipping: Review of the commercial, regulatory and technical factors affecting uptake of wind-assisted propulsion Dimitris.Argyros, Lloyds Register, Feb 2015

Wind propulsion optimisation and its integration with solar power Wind propulsion optimisation and its integration with solar power
Mphatso Nsanjama Nyanya Huy Ba Vu, World Maritime University (WMU) MA Dissertation, March 2019

Wind propulsion options for energy ships
Gaël Clodic, Jean-Christophe Gilloteaux, Aurélien Babarit, Conference Paper: 1st ASME International Offshore Wind Technical Conference, 2018, San Francisco, United States.

Wind technologies: Opportunities and barriers to a low carbon shipping industry
Nishatabbas Rehmatulla, Sophia Parker,
Tristan Smith, Victoria Stuglis, Marine Policy, December 2015 

Wind Turbines on Ships
Carlson, O. ; Nilsson, P.  Chalmers University, Gothenburg, April 2015

Wind Turbine Propulsion of Ships
Eirik Bøckmann, Sverre Steen, Department of Marine Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway – Presented at Second International Symposium on Marine Propulsors 2011, Hamburg, Germany, June 2011